@InProceedings{AbduBaReMaKhSo:2011:EqSpEc,
               author = "Abdu, M. A and Batista, I. S. and Reinisch, B. W and MacDougall, 
                         J. W. and Kherani, E. A. and Sobral, J. H. A",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Center for Atmospheric 
                         Research, University of Massachusetts, 600 Suffolk Street, Lowell, 
                         MA, United States and Department of Electrical Engineering, 
                         University Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Equatorial spread F echo and irregularity growth processes from 
                         conjugate point digital ionograms",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2011",
         organization = "30th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, URSIGASS",
             keywords = "oherent backscattering, Conjugate points, Digisondes, Dominant 
                         process, Equatorial spread F, Field lines, Growth process, 
                         Ionograms, Irregularity strength, Spread F Engineering controlled 
                         terms: Coherent scattering, F region Engineering main heading: 
                         Graphic methods.",
             abstract = "Spread F irregularity signatures in the form of range spreading F 
                         layer traces are examined in Digisonde ionograms from dip 
                         equatorial and conjugate sites in Brazil, to determine the 
                         dominant process/mechanism of echo returns from the irregularity 
                         structures. A significant component of the ESF echo structures is 
                         found to be consistent with them originating from coherent 
                         back-scattering at field line perpendicular directions. The spread 
                         range of the echoes is found to increase linearly with the top 
                         frequency of the echo trace. Further, the irregularity strength is 
                         asymmetric at conjugate sites.",
  conference-location = "Istanbul",
      conference-year = "13-20 Aug.",
                  doi = "10.1109/URSIGASS.2011.6050980",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/URSIGASS.2011.6050980",
                 isbn = "978-142445117-3",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Abdu-Proc-XXX-Istambul-06050980[1].pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "07 maio 2024"
}